Iryani, Dewi Agustina and Ginting, Simparmin and Sugiharto, R. and Indraningtyas, Lathifa and Hasanudin, Udin and Amelia, Julfi Restu (2022) Production of biodiesel using heterogeneous catalyst (K Impregnated bleaching earth) based on reactivated bleaching earth. In: 8th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environment (SEE 2022), 7-9 November 2022, Bangkok, thailand.
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Abstract
Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) is one of major solid waste generated by bleaching processes in the refinery oil industry. SBE contains oil, fat, pigments, and other impurities originated from crude oil. SBE contains about 25 to 40 % oil. Due to the large amount of oil and mineral composition in SBE, this waste is categorized as a hazardous waste which has a risk of explosion, flammable, reactive, corrosive and toxic based on Republic of Indonesia government regulation 101/2014. SBE is classified as category 2 of hazardous and toxic waste from a specific source with code number B413. In Indonesia, the volume of this waste is increasing every year proportionally with the growth of the refinery oil industry due to the consumption of cooking oil. In 2019, SBE produced from the vegetable oil refining process in Indonesia reached 779 thousand tons, of which 401 thousand tons were processed, while the rest (about 377 thousand tons) were stored or stockpiled. So that, an innovation is needed to anticipate the problem of this waste. In this paper, we describe the investigation about the preparing, reactivating, and synthesizing of SBE as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. In this study, SBE was extracted to release entrapped oil by using solvent. After oil extraction processes, the reactivated bleaching earth (RBE) was then reactivated by acid activation processes (concentration of acids were H₂SO₄ 15%). The RBE was then impregnated with KOH in varied concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) for 24 hours and at a constant temperature 60 ℃. After that, the K impregnated bleaching earth is filtered using a sieve with 100 mesh size. The characterization of K impregnated bleaching earth was conducted by XRF (x ray fluorescence), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) Spectrophotometer, and XRD (X ray crystallography) analysis. The characterization result showed that highest values of K₂O for heterogeneous catalysts obtain in condition of reactivation by using the H₂SO₄ 15% KOH 20% with the percentage of mineral composition K₂O are 64.509% and the percentage of crystallinity are and 11.96%. The performance as catalyst was then examined in biodiesel making process. The K impregnated bleaching earth as heterogeneous catalysts successfully produce biodiesel with the highest yield is 82.24 %. It was obtained at a reaction time of 2 h, 9 % catalyst, methanol to oil ratio of 10:1, and the reaction temperature at 45 °C.
| Item Type: | Conference or Workshop Item (Paper) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknik (FT) > Prodi Teknik Kimia |
| Depositing User: | Dr. Eng Dewi Agustina Iryani |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Apr 2023 13:27 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Apr 2023 13:27 |
| URI: | http://repository.lppm.unila.ac.id/id/eprint/49879 |
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