Swibawa, I Gede and Ekawati, W. and Indralaksmi, A. (2016) The effect of tillage and weed management of cassava on nematodes abundance and diversity. In: Dissemination Seminar Sustainable Production of Crops by Appropriate Recycle of Biomass Residues, 20 September 2016, Universitas Lampung Bandar Lampung. (Unpublished)
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Abstract
Lampung province is one of cassava producer and the production were the highest among provinces in Indonesia. Most of cassava farmer in Lampung applied intensive tillage and weeding using herbicide to growing their crops. The application of intensive tillage and using herbicide for weed control in long term was lead to destructive of physical and biological of soil. Therefore, it is need to search the friendly land management. Utomo (2012) described that minimum tillage system can conserved the soil fertility and productivity because the system minimized of soil erosion and can conserved soil water content and other biophysical properties of soil. Soil nematode was very sensitive to soil disturbance. Soil nematode community consisted of several feeding groups that have important role in soil ecological processes. Tillage practiced can influence the feeding groups. Ito at al. (2014) reported that, tillage system influenced abundance all of feeding groups of nematodes on soybean and Lopez-Fando & Belo (1995) described that virgin ecosystem had the greatest number and diversity of fungal feeders and predators, whereas the number of plant feeders increased in tillage soil of barley. It was still limited information about effect tillage and weed management practices of cassava on nematodes communities. The objectives of this reserach was to evaluate the soil nematodes community under application of tillage system and weed management for two growing seasons of cassava in Unila Experimental Plots. This research that was a part of “Collaborative Research between Unila-YNU Japan” conducted in long term experimental plot of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung beginning in December 2013. The randomized block experimental design with two factors was applied in this research. The first factor was tillage system consisted of minimum tillage and full tillage; the second factor was weed management consisted of weeding with glyphosate and 2.4 D herbicide application (1 l ha-1) and weeding manually. The plots were planted with corn and cassava in rotations cropping system. Soil samples for nematodes were taken at two growing seasons of crops, i.e. in August 2014 when the cassava was 3 month old and cassava in May 2016 when the age of 8 month after planting. Nematodes from 300 cc of soil were extracted using centrifugation with sugar solution technic, and then the specimens were identified up to genera taxonomic level and grouped into feeding groups (Yeates et al., 1993). The variables of this research were feeding group abundance and taxonomic diversity and their diversity index of nematodes community. The maturity indices (Bongers, 1990) were counted to indicate the soil disturbance each plots. Analyzes of variance was applied to measure the effect of treatment on nematodes variables. The results of this research showed that there were 30 genus of 9 family in five feeding group including plant feeders, bacterial feeders, fungal feeders, predator, and omnivore of nematodes community were found in cassava crops on experimental plots. Both of in August 2014 and in May 2016, had the community of nematodes dominated by plant feeders. Total individual of nematodes in 2014 were range of 99-250 and 358-891 individuals/300 cc of soil in 2016 respectively. The effect of tillage and weed management on nematodes community variables were varie. The single factor of tillage system was significantly affect on abundance of total individual and omnivore of nematodes in cassava of 2016; the abundance of total individual and omnivores of nematodes were higher on full tillage than on minimum tillage system. The tillage system also significantly affect the number of genus and Shannon diversity index of nematodes in cassava of 2014; the genera number and Shannon diversity index were higher on minimum tillage than on full tillage respectively. The factor of weed management was significantly influence the abundance of predator feeding group in 2014; the abundance of these gruops was higher on minimum tillage than on full tillage. Combination of tillage system with weed management was significantly influence the abundance of bacterial feeders and predator feeding groups in cassava of 2014; the abundance of those two feeding groups were higher on minimum tillage combined with weeding manually plots than on full tillage combined with weeding manually plots and minimum tillage combined with herbicide application plots. The maturity indices were not significantly influenced by tillage and weed management.
| Item Type: | Conference or Workshop Item (Speech) |
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| Subjects: | S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian (FP) > Prodi Proteksi Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | I GEDE SWI I Gede Swibawa |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Jun 2017 20:48 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Jun 2017 20:48 |
| URI: | http://repository.lppm.unila.ac.id/id/eprint/2857 |
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