Nabila, Rakhmawati and Hidayat, Wahyu and Haryanto, Agus and Hasanudin, Udin and Iryani, Dewi Agustina and Lee, Sihyun and Kim, Sangdo and Kim, Soohyun and Chun, Donghyuk and Choi, Hokyung and Im, Hyuk and Lim, Jeonghwan and Kim, Kwanyoung and Jun, Dukwoo and Moon, Jooyeon and Yoo, Jiho (2023) Oil palm biomass in Indonesia: Thermochemical upgrading and its utilization. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 176. p. 113193. ISSN 1364-0321
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Abstract
Indonesia is the world's largest palm oil producing country. The oil palm industry (plantation and milling) generates large amounts of solid waste in the form of empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm kernel shells (PKS), mesocarp fiber (MF), oil palm fronds (OPF), and oil palm trunks (OPT). This leftover waste, collectively termed oil palm biomass (OPB), causes severe environmental pollution, thereby threatening the sustainability of the oil palm industry. Upgrading OPB by thermochemical processes (torrefaction and pyrolysis) has attracted significant interest as a means of recycling the residues and mitigating the environmental damage. This study reviews the previous research on the environment-friendly utilization of OPB in Indonesia. First, general information is presented on OPB in Indonesia (availability, properties, and governmental policy). Second, the torrefaction of OPB for the production of upgraded solid fuel is summarized. Third, the pyrolysis of OPB to produce biochar is reviewed for use as a soil amendment and in carbon storage. The market perspective and life cycle assessment (LCA) of the thermally treated OPB are discussed, targeting the generation of electricity (OPB torrefaction) and agricultural soil enhancement (OPB biochar). The recycling of OPB is expected to contribute to the sustainability and economic success of the oil palm industry and also the net-zero 2060 in Indonesia.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian (FP) > Prodi Kehutanan |
| Depositing User: | Wahyu Hidayat |
| Date Deposited: | 08 May 2023 02:06 |
| Last Modified: | 08 May 2023 02:06 |
| URI: | http://repository.lppm.unila.ac.id/id/eprint/51161 |
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