Karakterisasi Limbah Cair Greywater pada level Rumah Tangga Berdasarkan Sumber Emisi
Greywater Characterization at Household Scale by Emission Source
Abstract
[ID] Limbah cair greywater merupakan limbah cair hasil aktivitas dapur, pencucian pakaian dan kamar mandi. Produksi limbah greywater rumah tangga sekitar 70–75% dari total produksi limbah cair rumah tangga dengan kandungan polutan yang rendah. Terkait dengan tingginya volume produksi limbah cair greywater, limbah greywater berkontribusi sekitar 70-80% dalam pencemaran badan air. Namun demikian, volume produksi limbah greywater yang tinggi ini justru dapat dijadikan sumber alternatif baru air bersih jika dilakukan pengolahan limbah dengan baik dan tepat. Di dalam pengolahan limbah greywater ini dibutuhkan data karakteristik agar pengolahanya menjadi tepat. Permasalahannya ketersediaan data karakteristik greywater sangat minim, karena itulah dilakukan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi limbah cair greywater berdasarkan sumber emisinya dengan parameter yang dilihat adalah BOD, COD, TSS, DO, temperature, pH dan turbidity dari masing-masing sumber limbah cair greywater dan juga kondisi limbah yang sudah tercampur dari ketiga sumber limbah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel sebanyak 12 sampel dari suatu rumah tangga. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa limbah dapur merupakan limbah dengan kandungan yang terberat dibandingkan limbah lainnya dari greywater. Kandungan BOD dan COD Dapur menduduki nilai tertinggi dengan nilai 250-1000 mg/L untuk BOD dan 840-3430 mg/L untuk COD. Kandungan BOD dan COD limbah greywater terendah berasal dari limbah kamar mandi dengan kandungan BOD 6-100 mg/L sedangkan kandungan COD 19,4-143 mg/L. Keseluruhan rasio BOD/COD menunjukkan nilai berkisar 0,2-0,5 yang artinya limbah adalah biodegradable. Kadar pH dari keduabelas sampel berkisar dari 4,2-6,5. Kandungan TSS tertinggi berasal dari dapur dengan nilai 202 – 620 mg/L.
[EN] Greywater is wastewater generated from kitchen, laundry and bath activities. Its production is about 70–75% of the total household wastewater. Related to the high volume of greywater production, greywater contributes around 70-80% in polluting water bodies. By appropriate treatment, the high volume of greywater production can be used as a new alternative of water source. Unfortunately, the availability of greywater characteristic data is very limited in existence. This study aims to characterize greywater effluent based on its emission source with focus parameters were BOD, COD, TSS, DO, temperature, pH and turbidity from each source of greywater effluent and also the mixed waste conditions from the three waste sources. The study was conducted by taking 12 samples from a household. The results of the study show that kitchen waste is the heaviest pollutant content compared to other waste from greywater. The content of BOD and COD in the kitchen occupies the highest value with a value of 250-1000 mg/L for BOD and 840-3430 mg/L for COD. The lowest BOD and COD content of greywater came from bathroom waste with a BOD content of 6-100 mg/L while the COD content was 19.4-143 mg/L. The overall BOD/COD ratio shows a value ranging from 0.2 to 0.5, which means that the waste is biodegradable. The pH levels of the twelve samples ranged from 4.2-6.5. The highest TSS content comes from the kitchen with a value of 202 – 620 mg/L.
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